India and Pakistan Relationship
India and Pakistan, as two nations united by Samsung M 1739 NR history but divided by destiny, are almost like two estranged siblings. Their rivalries over five decades have prevented both the countries from realizing their full economic and geopolitical potential.
Since the founding of India and Pakistan as separate states in 1947, the dispute over who should control Kashmir has been one of the world’s most enduring and violent conflicts. There are also signs of a religious conflict at play, pitting predominantly Hindu India against Muslim Pakistan.
There has been a paradigm shift since the initial stages of insurgency in Kashmir. The direct, bold, loudly eulogized direct strategy of the insurgents establishing themselves as protectors of the people of Kashmir and suitable spreading their cause through the media, has since seen many changes in the methodology.
It is worth recalling that the territory of Kashmir was hotly contested even before India and Pakistan won their independence from Britain in August 1947. Under the partition plan provided by the Indian Independence Act of 1947, Kashmir was free to accede to India or Pakistan.
The Maharaja, Hari Singh, wanted to stay independent but eventually decided to accede to India, signing over key powers to the Indian Government - in return for military aid and a promised referendum.
Since then, the territory has been the flashpoint for two of the three India-Pakistan wars: the first in 1947-48, the second in 1965. In 1999, India fought a brief but bitter conflict with Pakistani-backed forces that had infiltrated Indian-controlled territory in the Kargil area.
Theoretically speaking, there was a sudden mushrooming of a number of jihadi groups in mid-1990s in J&K. With the purse strings tightly controlled by the Pakistani leadership, the supposedly indigenous struggle of freedom for all in Kashmir became a Pakistan-sponsored fight of terror. This was backed by Pakistan’s military might, especially with regard to artillery support, intelligence sharing and provision of training in the well-established training camps at select places with instruction being imparted on latest explosive techniques.
In recent years, the tactics of the terrorists has changed and it has some sort of relation with their level of indoctrination and the employment of fidayeen squads hitting the well-protected and fortified Army establishments. On the other hand, the Security forces have also been changing their strategies from seek-and-destroy missions to cordon and search missions to boxed-in specific missions.
The technology for both, the terrorists and the security forces have also been constantly changing with a one-up mode. If the terrorists used a particular band-width spectrum for communications or a frequency band-width spread for remote controlled IEDs, then the security forces developed a counter. A counter forced the terrorists to change the pattern resulting in yet another counter by the security forces and the game goes on. Even the weaponry and communication equipment have been constantly modified and updated.
But the question to be asked at this point of t
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